关于GPS冷启动、暖启动和热启动—about GPS Cold Start, Warm Start, and Hot Start

1、GPS冷启动,暖启动,热启动的定义–Definition of GPS Cold Start, Warm Start, and Hot Start

GPS定位器的启动时间比较混乱,达盟GPS小编搜集外文的一些解释,希望能够用比较简单的语言让GPS爱好者们加深认识。

Hot Start — The GPS receiver remembers its last calculated position and which satellites were in view, the almanac used, and the UTC Time。 It then performs a reset and attempts to acquire satellites and calculate a new position based upon the previous information。 This is the quickest re-acquisition of a GPS lock.

热启动—-GPS定位器保存有其最后计算的可视卫星的位置、almanac(历书)和UTC时间,在重启以后,GPS定位器以保存的上述内容为基础获取和计算当前卫星的最新位置。

Warm Start – The GPS receiver remembers its last calculated position, almanac used, and knows the UTC Time, but not which satellites were in view. It then performs a reset and attempts to obtain the satellite signals and calculate a new position. The receiver has a general idea of which satellites to look for because it knows its last position and the almanac helps identify which satellites are visible in the sky。 This takes longer than a Hot Start but not as long as a Cold Start。

暖启动——GPS定位器保存有最后计算的卫星的位置、历书和UTC时间,但是没保存可视卫星的数据。GPS定位器重启以后尝试去获得当前卫星和信号并计算其新位置。GPS定位器基于其最后的位置和历书得以大概知道当前天空中的可视卫星。所以暖启动比热启动慢,但是比冷启动快。

Cold Start – The GPS receiver dumps all information and resets. It then attempts to locate satellites and then calculate a GPS lock. This takes the longest because there is no known information. The GPS receiver has to attempt to lock a satellite signal from all of the satellites, basically like polling, which takes a lot longer than knowing which satellites to look for。 This re-acquisition of a GPS lock takes the longest.

冷启动:GPS定位器清空了所有历史信息并重启,然后它尝试定位并锁定卫星,由于没有先前信息,这将花去很长的时间。GPS定位器采用类似于轮询的方法,从所有的卫星中锁定信号,这将比事前知道该搜索哪些卫星要慢不少。这一类重新获取锁定要花最长的时间.

2、比较和小结

热启动就是启动时可视的卫星信息和之前保存的信息是基本一致的.

暖启动和热启动的区别在于是否保存了之前的可视卫星信息,热启动保存了可视卫星(当前卫星)而暖启动的可视卫星无效了,所以热启动比暖启动定位速度快。

冷启动,最好理解,就是在没有历史信息的情况下一个一个轮询的方式搜星定位,所需时间最长。

3、关键名词解释:Almanac(历书) 和 Ephemeris(星历)

Almanac data is course orbital parameters for all SVs。 Each SV broadcasts Almanac data for ALL SVs。 This Almanac data is not very precise and is considered valid for up to several months。

Almanac 数据是反映所有卫星状况的比较粗略的轨道参数,每一个卫星都会广播所有卫星的Almanac 数据,这类数据不是十分精确,有效期长达几个月。

Ephemeris data by comparison is very precise orbital and clock correction for each SV and is necessary for precise positioning. EACH SV broadcasts ONLY its own Ephemeris data. This data is valid for a period of time (maybe several hours) as determined by information contained in the broadcast。

Ephemeris 数据相比之下是十分精确的轨道和时钟纠正信息,每一颗卫星只会广播自己的Ephemeris 数据,这类数据的有效期或许有几个小时(取决于广播信息的包含的内容)。

下图是《公开服务性能规范 (3.0版)》的对北斗导航电文的描述:

说明在北斗系统:Ephemeris的更新周期是1个小时,Almanac的更新周期小于7天。

                                          北斗系统星历与历书更新周期

4、GPS冷启动、温启动和热启动三种启动条件与启动时间对比

冷启动:以下几种情况开机均属冷启动。初次使用时;关机后超过2小时重新开机;电池耗尽导致星历信息丢失时;关机状态下将GPS定位器移动到1000公里以上距离。

冷启动一般在30秒到几分钟时间(决于天气、AGPS的使用,障碍物、卫星信号强度和GPS芯片性能/设备性能)。

温启动:距离上次定位的时间超过两个小时的启动。 温启动一般在3-45秒。(取决于GPS芯片性能/设备性能,AGPS的使用,环境等)。

热启动:距离上次定位的时间小于两个小时的启动。 热启动一般在1-10秒。(取决于GPS芯片性能/设备性能/环境等)。

                                                         移远GPS北斗定位模块的启动时间对比